ABSTRACT
Purpose: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, affecting more than 64 million people aged 40–80. The best way to manage primary open?angle glaucoma (POAG) is by lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP). Netarsudil is a Rho kinase inhibitor, the only class of antiglaucoma medications that reorganizes the extracellular matrix to improve the aqueous outflow through the trabecular pathway. Methods: An open?label, real?world, multicentric, observation?based 3?month study was performed for assessing the safety and ocular hypotensive efficacy of netarsudil ophthalmic solution (0.02% w/v) in patients with elevated IOP. Patients were given netarsudil ophthalmic solution (0.02% w/v) as a first?line therapy. Diurnal IOP measurements, best?corrected visual acuity, and adverse event assessments were recorded at each of the five visits (Day?1: screening day and first dosing day; subsequent observations were taken at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months). Results: Four hundred and sixty?nine patients from 39 centers throughout India completed the study. The mean IOP at baseline of the affected eyes was 24.84 ± 6.39 mmHg (mean ± standard deviation). After the first dose, the IOP was measured after 2, 4, and 6 weeks, with the final measurement taken at 3 months. The percentage reduction in IOP in glaucoma patients after 3 months of once?daily netarsudil 0.02% w/v solution use was 33.34%. The adverse effects experienced by patients were not severe in the majority of cases. Some adverse effects observed were redness, irritation, itching, and others, but only a small number of patients experienced severe reactions, as reported in a decreasing order: redness > irritation > watering > itching > stinging > blurring. Conclusion: We found that netarsudil 0.02% w/v solution monotherapy when used as the first?line treatment in primary open?angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension was both safe and effective.
ABSTRACT
A seventy-year-old male presented with dense asteroid hyalosis in both eyes. He had undergone cataract extraction in one eye 3 years ago, and the other eye had immature cataract. Both the autorefractor and dilated streak retinoscopy did not give readings and subjective visual improvement could not be achieved. Immediately following YAG posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitreous asteroid disruption, the vision improved to 20/20 with recordable auto refractor and streak retinoscopy values. Our initial experience indicates that the treatment is simple, safe and effective but needs controlled and prospective studies to confirm its long-term safety.
ABSTRACT
Fibromas are benign tumors that are composed of fibrous or connective tissue. They can grow in all organs, arising from mesenchymal tissue (a type of loose connective tissue). The term “fibroblastic” or “fibromatous” is used to describe tumors like the fibroma. This 69‑year‑old male presented to us with giant, multiple, very slowly progressive, painless, noninflammatory, soft, trans‑illuminant, pedunculated lid swellings with a two decade history. There were no other swellings on the body. He was clinically normal on systemic examination except for the immature cataracts in both eyes. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathology. Simple excision removed all the soft fibromas virtually leaving no scar. A review of literature world‑wide using Medline Plus/PubMed revealed this to be the only reported case of multiple giant soft fibromas of the lid.
ABSTRACT
Parasitic infestations of the eye have been reported since centuries, affecting various parts of the eye. Some are subtle, coexisting with vision, while many others damage and destroy, in part or totally, the gift of sight. This report describes a patient with live subconjunctival dipetalonema infestation of the right eye, with 22 parasites removed live in one sitting from one eye.
Subject(s)
Aged , Animals , Conjunctiva/parasitology , Conjunctival Diseases/parasitology , Diagnosis, Differential , Dipetalonema/isolation & purification , Dipetalonema Infections/parasitology , Eye Infections, Parasitic/parasitology , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The present paper aims to analyze psychometric features of the Portuguese Sleep Wake Experience List (SWEL), to obtain norms and data about key sleep complaints for children. This questionnaire evaluates chronic sleep problems categorizing them into six categories of sleep complaints. A total of 900 elementary school students (2nd to 4th grade), 485 girls (53.9 percent) and 415 boys (46.1 percent), aged between 7 and 10 years (M = 8.63; SD = .82) were included in this study. The results indicated a good reliability and validity of the questionnaire, making him suitable as a screening tool for epidemiological purposes. The study shows that sleep complaints (14.7 percent) are a frequent syndrome in school-aged children, and often not reported to the parents and/or physician. In conclusion, the results revealed that the SWEL is a reliable and valid screening instrument for identifying potential sleep problems in Portuguese school-aged children population.
Este estudo pretende analisar as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa do Questionário de Experiências de Sono-Vigília (SWEL) e a obtenção de normas e dados relativos às queixas de sono-chave nas crianças. Este questionário avalia os problemas de sono crônicos, classificando-os em seis categorias de queixas relativamente ao sono. Foram avaliadas 900 crianças do 1º CEB (2º-4º ano), 485 delas são meninas (53,9 por cento) e 415 meninos (46,1 por cento), com idades entre os 7-10 anos (M= 8,63; DP= 0,82). Verificou-se uma boa fidelidade e validade do questionário, tornando-o uma ferramenta adequada para estudos de carácter epidemiológico. O estudo mostra que as queixas relativas ao sono (14,7 por cento) são síndromes freqüentes em crianças que 1º CEB que na maioria das vezes não são referidas pelos pais e/ou médicos. Assim, o SWEL é um instrumento de detecção válido e fiável para a identificação de potenciais problemas de sono nas crianças em idade escolar.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Sleep , Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology , Wakefulness/physiologyABSTRACT
O sono e a depressão têm sido associados, tendo-se questionado se um padrão de sono deficitário era condição necessária e suficiente para o aparecimento de sintomatologia depressiva. Este estudo procura averiguar a prevalência dos problemas de sono e da depressão em crianças em idade escolar. Foram avaliadas em dois momentos 467 crianças da escola primária, com idades compreendidas entre os 6 e os 11 anos de idade (M=8,70; DP=0,692). Os resultados revelam uma diminuição na prevalência ao longo do ano lectivo nos dois quadros nosológicos, verificando-se também uma relação negativa entre o rendimento académico e a sintomatologia depressiva nos dois momentos de avaliação (T1 rho=-0,349; p=0,000; T2 rho=-0,406; p=0,000). Serão discutidas implicação dos resultados para a avaliação e intervenção das crianças, contemplando a possibilidade de uma intervenção precoce de modo a prevenir o aparecimento de um estado depressivo na infância que venha manter ou agravar os problemas do sono.
Sleep and depression have been linked and questioned if a deficit sleep pattern were a sufficient condition for arising of depressive symptoms. This study tries to examine the prevalence of sleep problems and depression in school-aged children. Four-hundred and sixty-seven elementary school-children, aged 6 and 11 years (M= 8,70; DP=0,692) were evaluated in two moments. The results revealed that during the school-year both nosological entities reduced prevalence rates, and also a negative association between academic performance and depressive symptoms were found in both evaluation moments (T1 rho=-0,349; p=0,000; T2 rho=-0,406; p=0,000). The implications of such data for evaluation and intervention in children will be discussed, taking into account the possibility of a early interventions to prevent onset of depressive states in infancy which maintain and heighten sleep problems.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Depression/psychology , Sleep , Sleep Wake Disorders , UnderachievementABSTRACT
A questão da adesão aos regimes de tratamento tem sido abordada, nos últimos anos, numa perspectiva biopsicossocial pelos investigadores. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo procura investigar a prevalência de determinados comportamentos de saúde, nomeadamente a adesão terapêutica e em que medida a percepção de saúde influencia este componente. Para isso, construímos e aplicamos o QIAT (Questionário Informativo de Adesão Terapêutica) aos utentes dum centro de saúde (N = 273). Os resultados indicam que, de um modo geral, a não-adesão não se deve ao esquecimento ou a alterações na medicação. Em relação às crenças e atitudes face aos médicos e à Medicina por parte dos utentes, existe a crença de excesso de prescrição medicamentosa, assim como uma confiança exacerbada relativa ao efeito terapêutico dos fármacos e a culpabilização dos doentes por parte dos profissionais de saúde, aquando do insucesso do tratamento